Tác động không đồng nhất của FDI đến ô nhiễm không khí: Bằng chứng từ phương pháp hồi quy phân vị tại Việt Nam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33301/JED.VI.3445Từ khóa:
FDI, ô nhiễm không khí, Việt Nam, hồi quy phân vịTóm tắt
Nghiên cứu phân tích tác động không đồng nhất của đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài (FDI) đến ô nhiễm không khí tại Việt Nam dựa trên dữ liệu 14144 dự án trong giai đoạn 2012-2019. Nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp hồi quy phân vị khoảnh khắc (Method of Moments Quantile Regression - MMQR) để xác định tác động của FDI lên toàn bộ phân bố có điều kiện của ô nhiễm không khí. Kết quả cho thấy FDI làm giảm đáng kể ô nhiễm không khí, với tác động mạnh hơn tại các phân vị ô nhiễm cao. Chủ nghĩa tập thể đóng vai trò điều tiết trong mối quan hệ này, theo đó, FDI có xu hướng làm gia tăng ô nhiễm tại những địa phương có mức độ chủ nghĩa tập thể thấp, nhưng tác động chuyển sang làm giảm ô nhiễm khi chủ nghĩa tập thể đạt mức đủ cao. Phát hiện này cho thấy lợi ích môi trường của FDI phụ thuộc không chỉ vào đặc điểm dự án mà còn vào bối cảnh văn hóa địa phương. Vì vậy, Việt Nam cần ưu tiên thu hút các dự án FDI sạch, chất lượng cao, đồng thời tăng cường cơ chế giám sát và sự tham gia của cộng đồng nhằm hỗ trợ phát triển bền vững.
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